Climatic influence on initiation and opening of spathe in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under arid conditions of North Western India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijah.2023.5.1.3Keywords:
Khadrawy, Saidy, Sham ran, Date palmAbstract
Khadrawy, Saidy and Shamran are three significant date palm cultivars grown in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, located in the North Western part of India. These cultivars are primarily consumed in their dried form, known as Chhuhara, during the Doka stage of fruit maturity. Climatic factors, including temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine hours, play a critical role in spathe initiation and opening in both male and female palms. The data on date to first spathe and its opening in the palm was recorded in the three cultivars consecutively for 6 years from 2008-2013 from 25 Years old plantation located at Chandan Experimental farm of ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Zone, Regional Research Station, Jaisalmer and correlation was studied with three climatic parameter i.e. temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours. The investigation revealed that significant effect of temperature (male-3.99e-07**, female-2.05e-08***), relative humidity (male-0.000236***, female-0.00237**) and sunshine hours (male-0.015550*, female-0.01649*) on days taken to first opening of spathe in both the sexes of the palm. Higher relative humidity extends the time required for male spathes to open, while lower humidity levels accelerate the process. This observation highlights the need to investigate the underlying mechanisms and potential interactions between these environmental factors to better understand their influence on spathe development.
Downloads
References
Afifa, H., Hedia, B., Wejdene Saffar, Mohamed Ben Salah, Emira, C. and Salwa, Z. A. 2023. Flowering phenological trends un der the effect of climatic parameters of the arid mediterranean region: the model of date palm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 55(1):39. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2023
Al-Mssallem, I.A. 2018. Impact of Sunshine horse on spathe initia tion and opening in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 227: 345-353.
Al-Shoaibi, A.A., Al-Shioaibi, A.M. and Al- Shoaibi, A.A. 2011. Effects of temperature on male spathe initiation and opening in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11(3): 347-355.
Al-Shuaibi, M.A. 2012. Influence of relative humidity on spathe initiation and opening in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Journal of Date palm Research, 28 (1) : 1-9.
Botes, A., Roux, H.F. and Van der Merwe, R. 2009. The effects of temperature on pollen viability and spathe opening in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 26(3): 155-161.
El-Shafey, A.A., Al-Shoaibi, A.M. and Al-Shoaibi, A.A. 2011. Ef fects of temperature and sunshine hours on male and female date flower development. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 11(4): 457-465.
Fox, J.2008.Car: Companion to Applied Regression. R package ver sion 3.0-10. URL https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=car . ggplot2 Team. 2023. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. ISBN 978-3-319-18061-4, URL https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org.
Hachef, A., Hedia Bourguibai, H., Saffar, W., Salah, M.B., Emira Cherif, E. and Salwa ZehdI-Azouzi, S. 2023. Flowering phe nological trends under the effect of climatic parameters of the arid mediterranean region: the model of date palm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 55(1): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/ PJB2023-1(39).
Helail, B.M. and El-Kholey, L.A. 2000. Effect of pollen grain source
on palm fruiting and date quality of Hallawy and Khadrawy date palm. Annal of Agricultural Science, 38: 479–494. Iqbal, M.A., Ghafoor and Rehman , S. 2004. Evaluation of whorl wise floral characters of seedling male palm used in pollina tion of cv. Dhakki in Dera Ismail Khan”. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(1): 100-110.
Kadri, K., Elsafy, M., Makhlouf, S., and Awad, M. A. 2022. Effect of pollination time, the hour of daytime, pollen storage tem perature and duration on pollen viability, germinability, and fruit set of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv “Deglet nour”. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 29, 1085–1091.
Khalil, A.M.A. 2015. Effect of temperature on spathe initiation and opening in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Egyptian Jour nal of Horticulture, 42 (2) : 147-155.
Munier, P. 1963. Prospection phénicicole du territoire de la Répub lique du Niger. IRFA, Paris.
Munier, P. 1980. Mission palmeraies en République du Niger. AFVP, Montlhéry.
Osman, S.M. and Soliman, S.S. 2002. Effect of different pollen
grains and pollination time on fruit quality of zaghloul date cultivar under north Sinai condition. Assiut Journal of Agricul tural Science, 33(5): 47-58.
Peñuela, M.C., M. Bustillos-Lema, S. Álvarez-Solas and L.A. Núñez-Avellaneda. 2019. Reproductive phenology variation of the multiple inflorescence-palm tree Wettinia maynensis in relation to climate, in a Piedmont forest in western Amazonia. Trees, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468- 019-01824-7.
R Core Team. 2024. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.r-project.org.
Sharma, K. M., Kumar, M., Muralidharan, C. M., and Salomón-Tor res, R. 2023. Date palm pollination management. Crop Pro duction Science and Horticulture, 209–240.
Wickham, H., Gröbner, H., Quinn, T., Gatto, L., Lawson, R., Wick ham, H. and Bates, K.A. 2023. Tidyverse: An ecosystem of packages for data science with R. R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria. URL https://CRAN.R-project. org/package=tidyverse.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
