Influence of Private Extension Services on Practices and Perceptions of Shrimp Farmers

Authors

  • R Arunachalam PG Scholar
  • G Arul Oli Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries Extension, Economics and Statistics, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam-628008, Tamil Nadu, India
  • C Lloyd Chrispin Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries Extension, Economics and Statistics, Dr. M. G. R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam-601204, Tamil Nadu, India
  • K S Vijay Amirtharaj Assistant Professor, Kanyakumari Ganapathipuram Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (KKG CeSA), Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam-629502, Tamil Nadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61410

Keywords:

Private extension services, Shrimp farming practices, Farmer’s perceptions, Shrimp farmer, Challenges

Abstract

The study conducted in 2025 (January to April) to evaluate the perceptions of shrimp farmers regarding private extension services, focusing on quality, accessibility, cost, and impact on farming practices in Tamil Nadu, India. A sample of 150 shrimp farmers was selected using proportionate random sampling from five districts; Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Cuddalore, and Ramanathapuram. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule and was analysed using SPSS software. The findings revealed that shrimp farmers generally held positive views of private extension services, particularly regarding updated market information (51%), addressing the needs of small and marginal shrimp farmers (50%), regular visits by extension agents (45%), and technical expertise (49%). However, challenges like geographical barriers (85%), lack of awareness (76%), and high service costs (59%). Among 17 variables, 10 were found to be significantly associated with shrimp farmers’ perception levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed that independent factors accounted for 64.7 per cent of the variation in farmers’ perceptions. The study suggests enhancing private extension services by addressing affordability and improving collaboration between the public and private sectors to improve shrimp farming productivity and income. 

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • R Arunachalam, PG Scholar

    Department of Fisheries Extension, Economics and Statistics, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam-628008, Tamil Nadu, India 

     

References

Bakang, J. E. A., Wongnaa, C. A., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Fatimatu, S., Obeng, J. A., Nsafoah, E. B., & Antwi, M. A. (2024). Determinants of maize farmers’ willingness to pay for private extension services in Ejisu municipality, Ghana. Heliyon, 10(17), e37464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37464

Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture (CIBA, 2024). Extension methodologies used by private extension personnel in coastal aquaculture, p 58. https://www.ciba.res.in

Coastal Aquaculture Authority, Annual Report 2022-2023, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India.

Coastal Aquaculture Authority. (2023). Guidelines for regulating hatcheries and farms for seed production and culture of specific pathogen free Litopenaeus vannamei. Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, p.58. https://caa.gov.in

Deepthi, A., Reddy, A. D., Kumar, N. S., & Sudhakar, O. (2024a). Challenges and opportunities in private extension services for shrimp aquaculture in Andhra Pradesh, India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 45(17), 601-606.

Deepthi, A., Sujath Kumar, N. V., Aruloli, G., Rajkumar, M., Rani, V., & Sudhakar, O. (2024b). Awareness of shrimp farmers on private extension services-An empirical model for effective extension services in Andhra Pradesh, India. Applied Ecology &

Environmental Research, 22(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/ 2201_425441

Farshad, S., & Niknami, M. (2024). Validation of the professional competencies model required by experts of agricultural consulting, technical, and engineering services companies to provide private extension services. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1390449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1390449

Ganpat, W. G., Narine, L. K., & Harder, A. (2017). The impact of farm visits on farmers’ satisfaction with extension: Examining the dependence on individual methods in the Caribbean. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 24(3), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2017.24303

Global Seafood Alliance. (2023). Annual farmed shrimp production survey: shrimp market prices are back as the number one concern in 2023. https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/annual-farmed shrimp-production-survey-a-slight-decrease-in-production reduction-in-2023-with-hopes-for-renewed-growth-in-2024

Iakovidis, D., Gadanakis, Y., & Park, J. (2023). Farmer and adviser perspectives on business planning and control in Mediterranean agriculture: Evidence from Argolida, Greece. Agriculture, 13(2), 450.

Kabir, M. H., & Islam, M. S. (2023). Effectiveness of public and private extension services in building capacity of the farmers: A case of Bangladesh. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 39(1), 101– 110.

Kavakebi, V., Abolhassani, L., Feizi, M., Shahnoushi, N., Pour, M., Viira, A. H., & Azadi, H. (2023). Farmers’ trust in extension staff and productivity: An economic experiment in rural areas of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 25(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/jast.25.3.551

Kumar, P. M., Singh, M., Rana, P., Tripathi, S., Kumar, V. S., Pandey, A., & Shastri, S. (2025). Public-private partnerships in agricultural extension: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 47(6), 597-612.

Mamun-ur-Rashid, M., Gao, Q., & Alam, O. (2018). Service quality of public and private agricultural extension service providers in Bangladesh. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 22(2), 147–160.

Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA). Annual Report 2021-22. Government of India; 2023. pp. 45–60. Mishra, N. M. N., Modak, S. M. S., Padhy, C. P. C., & Badavath, A. B. A. (2025). Factors influencing farming practices towards nutrition sensitive agriculture in southern Odisha. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(3), 86-91.

Nyairo, N. M. (2020). Attitudes and perceptions of smallholder farmers towards agricultural technologies in western Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University). https://doi.org/ 10.25394/PGS.12268901.v1

Pradhan, S. K., Naik, A., Kumar, A., & Ray, S. (2025). Perception of paddy farmers on climate change in western Odisha: An ANN model integration. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(3), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61301.

Rojas, R., Canales, R., Gil, J. M., Engler, A., Bravo Ureta, B., & Bopp, C. (2020). Technology adoption and extension strategies in Mediterranean agriculture: The case of family farms in Chile. Agronomy, 10(5), 692.

Sabu, P. J., Pulikkottil, M. D., & Roy, D. (2025). Effect of joint liability groups on the improvement of paddy farming in Thrissur district, Kerala. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(3), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61305

Downloads

Published

2025-10-01

Issue

Vol. 61 No. 4 (2025): Indian Journal of Extension Education (Oct-Dec)

Section

Research Article

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Influence of Private Extension Services on Practices and Perceptions of Shrimp Farmers (R. Arunachalam, G. Arul Oli, C. Lloyd Chrispin, & K. . S. Vijay Amirtharaj, Trans.). (2025). Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(4), 60-65. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2025.61410