Medicinal Plants Used for Hepatoprotective Activity: A Focus on Picrorhiza kurroa  Royle ex Benth. and Piper longum L.

Shubham  Garg; Prasanna V Savanur; Ramji Gupta; Nitya  Sharma

doi:10.48165/IRJAY.2024.71109

Authors

Shubham Garg Ph.D Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana Author
Prasanna V Savanur Head, Department of Dravyaguna, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana Author
Ramji Gupta Head of Department (Pharmacology), Dadri, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P Author
Nitya Sharma M Pharm Scholar, R. V. Northland Institute, Dadri, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/IRJAY.2024.71109

Keywords:

Hepatoprotective activity, Medicinal plants, Miver diseases, Picrorhiza kurroa, Piper longum, Silybum marianum, Andrographis paniculata, rat models

Abstract

The liver is vital for numerous physiological functions, including metabolism, detoxification, and immune regulation. Hepatic diseases, which may arise from infections, drugs, alcohol, toxins, and metabolic disorders, represent a major global health challenge. Traditional medicine has provided a wealth of plant-based remedies for liver protection. This review aims to evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective activity of several medicinal plants in rats, with a focus on Picrorhiza kurroa, Piper longum, Silybum marianum, and Andrographis paniculata. By examining their phytochemical composition, mechanisms of action, and the experimental evidence from rat models, we present a comprehensive understanding of their hepatoprotective potential and therapeutic value. The liver is a highly regenerative organ but is prone to damage from various insults, including chemicals (e.g., CCl₄), drugs (e.g., acetaminophen), infections (e.g., hepatitis), and metabolic disturbances (e.g., fatty liver disease). Traditional medicinal plants have been used across cultures for centuries to support liver function and treat liver-related ailments. [1] This review focuses on evaluating medicinal plants with demonstrated hepatoprotective effects in experimental rat models. Rats are commonly used to study liver damage

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References

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Hasan, M. A. (2020). A review on hepatoprotective activity of various medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 8(5), 204–207. https://doi.org/10.22271/plants.2020. v8.i5c.1215

Costa, A. C. de F., et al. (2021). Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of quercetin in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation, 44(5), 2033– 2043. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-021-01479-y

Ugwu, C. E., & Suru, S. M. (2021). Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective potentials against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity: A review. Egyptian Liver Journal, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43066-021-00161-0

Zhang, C. Y., Liu, S., & Yang, M. (2023). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy. World Journal of Hepatology, 15(2), 180–200. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.180

Almatroodi, S. A., et al. (2020). A study. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 14(1), 1660–1670. https://doi.org/10.10 80/16583655.2020.1848761

Michalopoulos, G. K., & Bhushan, B. (2021). Liver regeneration: Biological and pathological mechanisms and

implications. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 18(1), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0342-4 22. El-Tantawy, W. H., & Temraz, A. (2022). Anti-fibrotic activity of natural products, herbal extracts and nutritional components for prevention of liver fibrosis: Review. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 128(2), 382–393. https://doi. org/10.1080/13813455.2019.1684952

Sathavane, G. V., Patil, S., Wankhede, A., & Dikondwar, A. (2023). Hepatoprotective action of some Ayurvedic drugs: A review. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 14(2), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v14i2.3458

Jadhav, H., & Pal, S. (2005). Chemistry and pharmacology of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 1(4), 140–144.

Britto, G. F., Subash, K. R., & Nagamani, N. (2024). Natural treasures from Picrorhiza kurroa: A computational exploration of drug-like properties and bioactivity of kutkin, cucurbitacin, apocynin and lupanine. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13(2), 223–227. https://doi.

org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20240026

Samra, Y. A., Hamed, M. F., & El-Sheakh, A. R. (2020). Hepatoprotective effect of allicin against acetaminophen induced liver injury: Role of inflammasome pathway, apoptosis, and liver regeneration. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 34(5), e22470. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jbt.22470

Campana, L., Esser, H., Huch, M., & Forbes, S. (2021). Liver regeneration and inflammation: From fundamental science to clinical applications. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 22(9), 608–624. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00373-7

Almatroodi, S. A., et al. (2020). Hepatoprotective effects of garlic extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury via modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and hepatocyte architecture. Applied Sciences, 10(18), 6200. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP10186200

Shu, Y., et al. (2020). Hepatoprotective effect of Citrus aurantium L. against APAP-induced liver injury by regulating liver lipid metabolism and apoptosis. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(5), 752–765. https://doi.org/10.7150/

ijbs.40612

Sanap, A., Joshi, K., Shah, T., Tillu, G., & Bhonde, R. (2021). Pre-conditioning of mesenchymal stem cells with Piper longum L. augments osteogenic differentiation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 273, 113999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

jep.2021.113999