PUSA Journal of Hospitality and Applied Sciences
The journal focuses on the original research that contributes toward development in Tourism and Hospitality sector. It brings forth the discussions related to the development and recent trends in various fields applicable to Tourism and Hospitality Industry. This Journal covers research work applicable to Tourism Management, Hotel Management, Food Safety & Hygiene Standards, Nutrition & Health, Human Resource Management, Environment and Tourism, Travel and Tourism, Cuisines, Innovation, and New Product Development. Through this wide spectrum of various subjects, we would like to promote research aptitude amongst the academicians and hospitality personnel. The Journal is the copyright of Institute of Hotel Management Catering and Nutrition, PUSA, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. Only references allowed with proper citation. Indexing Details: Base Indexing, Google Scholar, Crossref, Scopus-Applied For, Wos, Base, ICI, ASI, CABI Indexed, NAAS Indexed
Institute of Hotel Management Catering & Nutrition
The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Work Life Balance and Career Growth on Hospitality Professionals’ Transition to Allied Sectors
Background: The hospitality industry has traditionally offered dynamic career opportunities within core hotel operations. However, over the past decade, there has been a notable shift of hospitality professionals from core hotel roles to allied sectors such as event management, tourism and consulting. This career movement has raised concerns regarding the sustainability of talent retention within hotel operations. Understanding the key factors influencing this shift is essential for developing effective strategies to improve employee satisfaction and retention in the industry. Objective: The study aimed to examine the impact of job satisfaction, work-life balance and career growth opportunities on the career transitions of hospitality professionals from core hotel operations to allied sectors. It sought to identify the underlying motivations for these movements and explore potential measures that could help hotel management retain skilled professionals. Methodology: A quantitative research design was adopted. The study was conducted in urban hospitality hubs where career transitions are more prevalent. A total of 130 hospitality professionals who had moved from core hotel operations to allied sectors participated in a structured survey. The survey utilized a structured questionnaire focusing on job satisfaction, work-life balance, career growth opportunities and professional motivations. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings indicated that job dissatisfaction, poor work-life balance and limited career growth opportunities were significant drivers of career shifts among hospitality professionals. A majority of respondents reported seeking roles in allied sectors due to better work-life balance, structured work environments and enhanced career mobility. The study also found that professionals were attracted to allied industries offering more defined career progression pathways and greater job stability. Additionally, qualitative insights highlighted the role of workplace culture, managerial support and personal aspirations in influencing career decisions. Conclusion: The study concluded that the hospitality industry must prioritize job satisfaction, work-life balance and career development opportunities to retain skilled professionals. Enhancing career growth prospects, implementing employee-friendly work schedules and fostering supportive work environments could mitigate the trend of professionals shifting to allied sectors. These insights provide valuable recommendations for hotel management and policymakers in developing effective retention strategies to sustain a competent and motivated workforce in core hotel operations.
Analysing the Impact of Hotels Customer Relationship Management Strategies on Customers Satisfaction and Loyalty with Hotels of Bhopal
Background: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies have become critical tools for establishing strong client relationships, enhancing customer experience and ensuring repeat business. These methods are vital in the hotel industry, particularly in Bhopal, where the focus is on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Objective: The objective of this research is to examine the impact of CRM strategies on customer satisfaction and loyalty in Bhopal’s hotel sector. The study investigates how various CRM practices, including staff friendliness, personalized services and information on local attractions, influence customer behavior. Methodology: The present research was conducted in Bhopal City, the capital of Madhya Pradesh, focusing on star category hotels. Data was collected from travelers above 18 years of age who had visited these hotels, using a convenience sampling technique. Data was gathered through a structured questionnaire developed on Google Forms and circulated via social media and emails. The survey included questions on the impact of hotel CRM strategies on customer satisfaction and loyalty, using a five-point Likert Scale. Data analysis is done based on 140 responses. Data collection was carried out in July and August 2024 and descriptive analysis, including weighted mean and percentage methods, was used to interpret the results. Results: The study revealed that personalization of services, with the highest weighted mean of 3.53, is the most impactful CRM strategy on customer satisfaction, followed closely by staff friendliness and helpfulness (3.51) and responsiveness to requests (3.49). Meanwhile, strategies such as follow-up after stay (3.13) and loyalty program benefits (3.29) are less influential on customer satisfaction. Conclusion: In conclusion, both objectives highlight the crucial role of personalized CRM strategies in driving customer satisfaction and loyalty. Personalization of services, staff friendliness and responsive communication are key to enhancing satisfaction, while personalized communication, loyalty programs and attention to customer preferences significantly foster loyalty. While these strategies generally lead to greater customer retention, their impact varies among individuals, suggesting that hotels should continually refine their CRM practices to meet diverse customer needs.
A Study on Understanding Pre-Placement Perceptions, Mindset and Coping Strategies of Graduating Students in Hotel Management Programs in India
Background: The transition from academic life to professional employment is a significant milestone for hotel management students, demanding a blend of technical skills and adaptability to industry expectations. This study explores pre-placement perceptions, mindsets and coping strategies of final-year students in the field. Objectives: The study aimed to assess students’ perceptions of the job market, analyse their mindset toward placements and identify coping mechanisms, with a focus on gender differences. Methodology: A descriptive research design with convenience sampling was employed, collecting data through a structured questionnaire using Google Forms from 384 students at NCHMCT-affiliated institutions across India. A structured questionnaire measured perceptions, mindset and stress management strategies. Data analysis utilized SPSS, including descriptive statistics, T-tests and Chi-square tests. Results: Findings reveal that students hold optimistic pre-placement perceptions, with a mean score of 3.83 on a 5-point Likert scale (T = 31.247, p < 0.001), indicating a significant deviation from a neutral outlook. Students with a growth mindset demonstrated significantly higher proactivity scores (Mean: 4.2, SD: 0.8) compared to those with a fixed mindset (Mean: 3.1, SD: 1.1; T = 5.34, p < 0.001). Gender differences were significant in coping strategies, as males relied more on problem-solving approaches while females favoured social support. The most common coping mechanisms included family and peer support, along with self-motivation. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of mentorship, workshops and gender-sensitive support to prepare students for placements. Recommendations focus on fostering resilience and providing institutional support to enhance career readiness.
Barriers and Catalysts of Entrepreneurial Success in the Hospitality Industry: A Mixed-Method Analysis
Background: The hospitality sector, a significant global economic driver, faces numerous challenges including regulatory hurdles, financial constraints and workforce shortages, particularly in developing economies like India. Understanding the factors influencing entrepreneurial success in this sector is crucial for fostering sustainable growth. Objectives: This study aims to identify key barriers and catalysts affecting entrepreneurial activities in the hospitality industry and to analyse the internal factors such as entrepreneur’s diverse socio-economic and professional backgrounds that influences their journey and growth. Methodology: A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection. An online survey with 11 closed-ended questions was distributed to 150 entrepreneurs in Mumbai and surrounding areas, resulting in 82 responses (55% response rate). Data collection technique used was convenience sampling. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 selected entrepreneurs. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis. Results: The study revealed that middle-level professionals with family business backgrounds are key drivers of entrepreneurship. 83% of respondents planned business expansion, with scalable ventures like cafes and food outlets being preferred due to lower capital requirements. 89% of respondents agreed that small businesses significantly enhance tourism. 63% agreed that management education develops business skills, but only a minority believed it adequately fosters creativity and innovation. 84% of respondents were flexible to relocate for business. Conclusion: The research highlights the critical role of family background, practical experience and adaptability in entrepreneurial success within the hospitality industry. While management education provides foundational skills, there is a need for enhanced focus on creativity and innovation. Government support, financial accessibility and infrastructure development are essential to mitigate barriers and foster a resilient entrepreneurial ecosystem.
HR Analytics Adoption in the Indian Hospitality Industry: A Path to Data-Driven Decision Making
Background: The rapid advancements in data-driven decision-making have revolutionized various industries, including the hospitality sector. Human Resource (HR) Analytics, a key component of this transformation, leverages data analysis to enhance workforce management, improve employee performance and drive strategic decision-making. However, the level of adoption of HR Analytics in the Indian hospitality industry remains an emerging and evolving concept. The hospitality industry, known for its dynamic and labour-intensive nature, heavily relies on effective human resource management. Challenges such as high employee turnover, skill shortages, job dissatisfaction and workforce mobility make HR Analytics an essential tool for improving efficiency and strategic workforce planning. Objectives: This study examines the key change factors influencing the adoption of Human Resource Analytics among Human Resource professionals in the Indian hospitality sector. It aims to analyse how individual perceptions, organizational culture and accessibility to HR technology impact the acceptance of HR Analytics. Methodology: A quantitative research design was adopted, data gathered through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The study targeted HR professionals across various levels in the Indian hospitality industry, with a specific focus on metropolitan cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Kolkata. A snowball sampling technique was used to reach participants. Out of the targeted 300 respondents, 75 valid responses were analysed. Statistical tools such as correlation analysis and linear regression were applied to assess the relationships between variables, including sense of capability, cultural influence, HR technology accessibility, data availability, risk framing strategy, ease of adoption and work performance enhancement. Results: The study found that six out of seven factors significantly influenced HR Analytics adoption. Work performance enhancement had the highest impact (Adjusted R² = 0.460, p < 0.05), followed by cultural influence (Adjusted R² = 0.307, p < 0.05) and HR technology accessibility (Adjusted R² = 0.258, p < 0.05). However, risk framing strategy showed no significant impact (p > 0.05). The study also confirmed that these factors are interrelated, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to HR Analytics implementation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that successful HR Analytics adoption in the Indian hospitality industry requires a multi-faceted approach, including employee training, leadership support, flexible work environments and investments in HR technology. Organizations must ensure that employees perceive HR Analytics as beneficial and easy to use, addressing concerns about data security and change resistance. Future research should explore the organizational-level adoption of HR Analytics and expand the sample size for broader insights.
Consumers Satisfaction Level Towards Sustainable Practices of 5-Star Category Hotels of Mumbai
Background: Sustainability in the hospitality industry has gained increased importance with environmentally conscious consumers. The present study focusses on consumers’ satisfaction towards the sustainable practices of 5-star hotels in Mumbai. This study helps to understand how these hotels have managed to deal with environmental concerns like energy efficiency, water conservation, plastic reduction, etc. and thus help in improving the customer experience by matching the rising sustainability expectations. This research attempts to analyze consumers’ perception regarding sustainability in 5-star hotels and suggests implementable suggestions to hotel practitioners that can contribute toward customer satisfaction. Objective: The primary objectives of this research were: To examine the consumers’ satisfaction level with sustainable practices at 5-star hotels in Mumbai. To suggest measures for hotel professionals to improve consumer satisfaction with these sustainable practices. Methodology: To fulfill the objectives of the study, a descriptive research design was adopted. Data were collected during August 2024 through convenience sampling in respect to diversified visitor responses towards the 5-star hotels of Mumbai. Online surveys through social media and e-mails were adopted as data gathering instruments, wherein a total of 270 questionnaires were issued and 165 were received. Only 156 were considered for final analysis. It contained two sections: a demographic data questionnaire and a questionnaire assessing consumer satisfaction with sustainable practices. The description statistics and specifically the technique of central tendency, were utilized to determine the weighted means and rankings for each of the practices surveyed. Results: The most appreciated were energy efficiency (3.87) and water conservation (3.56) by guests as being highly satisfactory. Plastic reduction (3.38) as well as the sourcing of sustainable food (3.12) followed even though reactions towards these were varied. Practices such as waste management, sustainable linen reuse and environment friendly toiletries were rated only moderately satisfactory; however, sub-areas including local community engagement, transparency and carbon emissions reduction were not rated satisfactorily, where there is room for improvement with better communication and visibility of the sustainability efforts. Conclusion: Energy efficiency and water conservation are highly appreciated by guests; however, other practices such as waste management, linen reuse and eco-friendly toiletries are not communicated sufficiently. Sustainability activities such as involvement in the local community and reduction of carbon also require more visibility for consumer satisfaction. Hotels should therefore focus on increasing guest engagement and transparency in sustainability initiatives to fulfill guest expectations within luxury standards.
Transformations in Campus Placement Drives in Hospitality Institutions Across Madhya Pradesh : Post-COVID
Background: Hospitality education plays a vital role in shaping students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes, transforming them into industry-ready professionals and enhancing their employability upon graduation. Campus placement drives are highly anticipated process for final-year hospitality students, as they provide opportunities to secure jobs immediately after completing their studies. However, the Covid-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the hospitality job market, leading to significant disruptions in placement opportunities. In the post-pandemic period, several studies have explored hospitality job prospects and the expectations of graduating students. Objectives: This study addresses an unexplored gap by focusing on three key objectives. First to examine the impact of the pandemic on placement opportunities for graduating batches from 2020 to 2023. Second to identify the essential attributes that prepare hospitality students for successful campus placements. Third to assess student satisfaction with placement drives and gathering recommendations for future improvements. Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire completed by hospitality graduates from colleges across Madhya Pradesh between 2020 and 2023. A total of two hundred fifteen filled up questionnaires were received back of which two hundred and nine were usable. The data was analyzed using frequency and percentage represented in a tabular manner. Results: The findings reveal that most respondents perceived the pandemic as having a negative effect on job opportunities. As (73.68%) of the respondents felt that placement opportunities decreased. Additionally, the study highlights key attributes essential for successful placements, such as theoretical knowledge, strong communication and interpersonal skills. The dissatisfaction regarding the campus placement is on the decline from (54.84%) among 2020 graduates to (17.65%) among 2023 graduating batch. Conclusion: To enhance future campus placements, the study recommends initiatives such as career fairs, placement lectures, seminars and workshops at the institute level. Moreover, it emphasizes the need to expand the role of placement coordinators beyond organizing interviews to actively supporting students’ career development.
Exploring the Role of Hotel Facilities on Tourists Star Category Hotel Selection in the State of Uttar Pradesh
Background: The role of hotel facilities in tourists’ selection of star-category hotels is an essential area of focus, as it aims to understand guests’ preferences and improve service offerings. This research study explores the influence of hotel facilities on tourist decision-making with regard to visiting heritage arc cities, such as Agra, Lucknow and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. Objective: The primary objectives of this research was to examine the influence of hotel facilities on tourists’ selection of star-category hotels in the state of Uttar Pradesh and to recommend strategies for hotel professionals to upgrade amenities and services that align with customer preferences. Methodology: A descriptive research design was followed to conduct this research. Data was obtained in December 2024 through a questionnaire based survey conducted from 273 tourists who had experienced the star category hotels in Agra, Lucknow and Varanasi. Data was analyzed through weighted means and standard deviations. Results: The findings suggest that room service/ in-room dining (Weighted Mean = 4.12), restaurants/coffee shops (Weighted Mean = 3.91) and business facilities like business centers (Weighted Mean = 3.85) and Wi-Fi (Weighted Mean = 3.67) are primary determinants of hotel choice. They emphasize convenience, comfort and connectivity as important. By comparison, places such as shopping arcades (Weighted Mean = 2.93), fitness centers (Weighted Mean = 2.76) and babysitters (Weighted Mean = 2.59) exert a less significant influence on tourists’ choice. Hotels need to concentrate on priority services while upgrading secondary amenities to accommodate varied guest expectations. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of core facilities such as room service, food and business services in bringing in tourists to star-category hotels. The hoteliers must make developing these services a top priority while enhancing less significant ones such as fitness clubs and babysitting to attract more customers. The synchronization of services with customer requirements enhances satisfaction and loyalty.
From Intention to Action: Factors Shaping Tourist Decisions to Experience Local Food
Background: Culinary tourism enhances travel experiences by allowing tourists to engage with local cultures through food. Understanding the factors influencing tourists’ decisions to sample and purchase local food is crucial for destination marketers. Objective: This study examines the relationships between Tourist Attitude Towards Local Food (TALF), Tourist Subjective Norms (TSN), Tourist Perceived Behavioural Control (TPBC), Tourist Intention to Sample Local Food (TISLF) and Tourist Decision to Purchase Local Food (TDPLF) in Nainital, India. Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative research design and was conducted in Nainital, a popular tourist destination in Uttarakhand, India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 450 domestic tourists using convenience sampling. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and path analysis through PLS-SEM to assess relationships among key variables and test the proposed hypotheses. Results: TALF, TSN and TPBC significantly influence TISLF, which, in turn, positively affects TDPLF. Social influence, perceived control and positive attitudes shape tourists’ food choices, with food sampling playing a key role in purchasing decisions. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of social influence, accessibility and cultural authenticity in enhancing culinary tourism. Strengthening these aspects can boost Nainital’s appeal as a gastronomic destination.
Examine the Role of Short Video Platforms on Tourist’s Attitude: A Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Approach
Background: In spite of the fact that Short Video Platforms (SVPs) are becoming more popular in the tourism industry, however scarce literature on SVP influence tourists’ attitude towards various SVPs is available. This study has used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to comprehend the tourist’s attitude towards SVPs. Objectives: The study objectives were twofold: First, to explore factors influencing tourist’s attitude towards SVP’s. Second, examining the impact of antecedents on tourist’s attitude towards SVP’s. Methodology: Exploratory research design was used in this study on 331 samples in Varanasi with a sample size of 331, purposive sampling technique was incorporated. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multiple regressions were used to identify the factors and their relative strengths towards tourists’ attitude with respect to short video platforms (SVPs). SPSS software was used in analysing data. Results: Findings of the study revealed that perceived enjoyment is the strongest predictor of tourist’s attitude towards SVPs and perceived usefulness is the weakest one. The results suggested coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.422 that 42.20% of the variance in the dependent variable (Tourists Attitude towards Short Video Platforms) can be accounted for by the independent variables, namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived pleasure. Conclusion: The use of Social Media Influencers (SMIs) who demonstrate competence and the presentation of films that are both fun and user-friendly on SVPs should be the primary emphasis of Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) and tourist marketers for the promotion of their respective destinations.
A European - Australian Comparative Study on Competency Gaps in Chef Training: Implications for Chef Training in Australia
Background: This study investigates the competency gaps in chef training in Australia by comparing it with European practices. Objective: It identifies competency gaps in Australian chef training programs particularly in foundational culinary techniques, business acumen and adaptability by comparing them with European practices and propose a model for improvements based on these findings Methodology: Employing a comparative qualitative design, this study gathered data through semi-structured interviews with 29 industry professionals in Europe and Australia. Thematic analysis, based on Costa's (2019) framework and drawing on Braun and Clark's (2006) approach, was used to analyze the data. Results: Based on the findings the proposed model emphasizes practical experience, a broader curriculum and a focus on mental resilience, aiming to enhance graduate employability and meet the evolving demands of the culinary industry. Conclusion: By addressing these gaps and adopting a more holistic approach, Australian chef training programs can better equip graduates for success in the evolving culinary landscape.
Navigating Dietary Complexities: Understanding Gluten Intolerance Awareness among Stakeholders
Background: Eating out is not only a common trend these days but also necessity for many who live away from their families especially students pursuing higher education. With growing trend of food hypersensitivity catering industry needs to get driven for such special requirement. Objective: This study aimed to check the awareness of stakeholders for gluten intolerance with respect to the market and sensory evaluation of the developed alternative. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consumers and food business operators of Central Delhi. Consumers were 18 years and above and claiming to be gluten intolerant. Food business operators were local shopkeepers running food stalls and bakery. A self -structured questionnaire was designed for stakeholders respectively. Developed gluten alternative was sensory evaluated by consumers on 9-point hedonic rating scale for its overall acceptability. Data was analyzed for the stakeholders by using descriptive statistics. Results: The results indicate that majority (53.65%) consumers were familiar with the symptoms of gluten intolerance like headache and digestive issues. Furthermore, majority (68.3%) identified rice and corn to be an alternative for gluten. Level of satisfaction from market for availability of alternatives is medium (61%).Sensory score for developed alternative was 7.19 ±1.53. Regarding food business operators’ majority (53.12%) receive customer request for availability of gluten free products, 46.87% are affirmative to provide alternatives subjected to demand of consumers. 53.12% also showcased interest in receiving training or resources for gluten intolerance and lactose free cooking skills and outsourcing of such food items. Conclusion: In general stakeholders showcased awareness about their food intolerance and improved availability of alternatives in market. At the same time willingness of food business operators to offer such products on menu. The study recommends to provide training to food business operators for provision of diversified menu for prospective consumers.
Waste Management and Recycle Practices in the Hotel Industry
Background: In the current era of eco-friendly and environmental strategies, waste practices like recycling offer potential benefits for the hotel industry. However, research supporting the financial advantages of these practices is still lacking. Objective: This study aims to explore the waste management which is being produced by the hotel sector and recycle practices which are adopted by the hotel. The study also evaluates the potential environmental benefits of recycling, particularly in relation to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Methodology: Primary data was collected via a questionnaire distributed to 37 hotels, of which 22 expressed interests in completing the questionnaire and participating in face-to-face interviews. SPSS was used for the data analysis and thematic analysis used for analyzing the interview data. Locale of the study was Delhi NCR, Region. Results: The paper’s findings reveal a total waste volume of 584.33 units, with 212.16 units distributed across the different categories such as plastic bottles, other plastic, aluminum etc. The results suggest that hotels need to implement more stringent recycling practices, which would not only benefit the environment but also unlock potential financial advantages. Additionally, promoting guest involvement in recycling initiatives is advised to improve cost-effectiveness and profitability within the industry. Conclusion: Effective waste management and recycling practices are essential for enhancing sustainability in the hotel industry.
A Study of Ergonomics’ Effectiveness in Approved and Classified Indian Hotels
Background: Due to growth of classified Indian hotels, there is a need to assess the importance of ergonomics in such hotels and check their awareness amongst the stakeholders of Indian hospitality industry. Objective: Describing and highlighting different practices and means of ergonomics. Ascertaining the importance of ergonomics in core, and non- core areas of classified Indian hotels and hotel management institutes based on the opinions and empirical data, highlighting its effects on employee efficiency and revenue generation of a hotel including the phase of “New Normal” after the Covid- 19 pandemic. Methodology: Exploratory research design has been adopted where data has been collected via convenience sampling from Delhi NCR and Kolkata. Data has been collected from a sample of 100 individuals from employees and management of classified hotels and students and professors of hotel management institutes. Analysis was done with the use of MS Excel application. Perception has been recorded and studied. Results: As per the survey, majority, that is, 89% of the respondents agreed that ergonomics can increase the employee productivity and 91% acknowledged that ergonomics improve the revenue generation of hotels. Conclusion: Ergonomics is an irrefutable part of Indian classified hotels and steps need to be taken to improve the ergonomic standards.
Consumers Awareness and Attitude towards Sustainable Practices of 5-Star Category Hotels of Mumbai
Background: Hotels have embraced a number of green initiatives in response to growing environmental concerns and the worldwide movement towards sustainable development. However, customer awareness and attitudes towards these practices play a major role in the success of these projects. Objective: To examine the consumer awareness level towards sustainable practices exercised in 5-star category hotels of Mumbai and the consumers attitude towards sustainable practices exercised in these hotels. Methodology: The goals of the current study were achieved through the use of descriptive design. The information was gathered from guests who had stayed at Mumbai’s five-star hotels and came from all across India. Convenience sampling was the approach employed in this study to obtain data. A total of 270 respondents were given the questionnaire; 165 of them completed it, and 156 of those answers were deemed legitimate. The main tool used to collect data is the structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics namely frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated Microsoft excel was used for the data analysis. Results: The mean scores indicate varying levels of awareness, with energy conservation initiatives having the highest mean of 3.44 (SD = 1.56) and community engagement and support the lowest at 2.57 (SD = 1.31). The analysis of consumer attitudes towards sustainable practices in 5-star hotels in Mumbai indicates a strong preference for eco-friendly accommodations. The highest mean score of 3.69 (SD = 1.33) was recorded for the preference for sustainable hotels, however, support for community engagement and educational initiatives was, 2.79 (SD = 1.36) and 2.72 (SD = 1.36), respectively. Conclusion: Consumer awareness of sustainable practices in 5-star hotels in Mumbai is strongest in areas like energy conservation, waste management, and water conservation, which are well-implemented and promoted. Consumer generally have a positive attitude towards sustainability initiatives, particularly those that are visible, like energy and water conservation. Others require enhanced visibility and engagement to elevate their perceived importance.
Analysing the Impact of Hotels Customer Relationship Management Strategies on Customers Hotel Selection in Bhopal City
Background: The choice of the hotel is shaped by Customer relationship management strategies commonly termed as CRM. CRM is therefore essential to positively influence purchase decisions of hotel guests, retaining travelers and satisfying the customers, or else risks driving them away. Objectives: The first objective of the study was to identify the key CRM strategies exercised by hotels to influence customer’s hotel selection. The second objective of the study was to analyze the key influence of important hotels CRM strategies on customer’s hotel selection. Methodology: The study focuses on star-category hotels in Bhopal, with data collected from travelers over 18 years using convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire, distributed via Google Forms, gathered primary data on demographic profiles and key CRM strategies, with responses rated on a five-point Likert scale. Secondary data came from reports, research papers, and articles. Data was collected in July and August 2024. The first objective, identifying key CRM strategies, was addressed through previous studies, while the second objective, analyzing CRM’s influence on hotel selection, was achieved using weighted mean scores. Results: After extensive study of previous literature, key CRM strategies found were personalized guest experiences, loyalty programs, staff training and empowerment, events and activities, special offers and promotions, efficient booking processes, pre-arrival communication, in-room technology, dynamic pricing, social media engagement and post-stay follow-up. The second objective results indicated that staff training and empowerment had the highest influence on customer hotel selection, with a weighted mean score of 3.25, followed by special offers and promotions (3.23), and dynamic pricing (3.22). Conclusions: These factors will afford a prescription for enhancing customer acquisition and retention in the context of the hotel organization.
Women Entrepreneurs and their Challenges: A Case Study of Lucknow
Background: Eentrepreneurships helps women to become self-sufficient and economically independent, then it is the best way to empower them. Increased entrepreneurship has the capability to empower females politically, socially, and financially. The path of women’s empowerment has given them more power over resources. It is important not just for personal growth but also for the nation’s overall development. Objective: There are two objectives of the study: to study the elements responsible for women to run their business and to examine the challenges struggled by women entrepreneurs in managing their business. Methodology: Quantitative research was done. The data was collected from Lucknow city of Uttar Pradesh state. Convenience sampling was done and 200 respondents were reached for data collection and 195 responses were finalised. A structured questionnaire was made for research and was spread to respondents through Google forms and by personal interview. Mean value and reliability test were used to analyse the data. Results: The Cronbach’s static value was found 0.975 which is acceptable for the study. The weighted mean score it has been found that aspire to be independent ranked 1st (weighted mean score 2.8). Women requires financial need to run the business ranked 2nd (weighted mean score 2.7). Confirmation of family and career security are two important pillar to boost confidence in oneself ranked 3rd (weighted mean score 2.3). Women faced challenges for building infrastructure for their business ranked 1st (weighted mean score 3.5). Budgetary restrictions was the major issue for women entrepreneurs ranked 2nd (weighted mean score 3.4). Low mobility was third largest issue for the entrepreneurs ranked 3rd (weighted mean score 3.3). Conclusion: The study concludes that if women focus on the challenges faced by them in running business, they can overcome the issues. Proper training is always required of the concerned business and majorly help from Government and NGO’s can change the status of the women.
From Root to Stem: Optimizing Produce Utilization and Reducing Waste through Sustainable Cooking Practices
Background: In modern society, food waste is a pressing issue contributing to environmental degradation and resource depletion. “From Root to Stem” proposes a solution by advocating for sustainable cooking practices that maximize the use of every part of produce. Objectives: The objectives of this study were twofold. Firstly, to assess the existing levels of awareness and implementation of root-to-stem cooking practices among hospitality students. Secondly, to identify the obstacles hindering widespread adoption of root-to-stem cooking and to pinpoint the factors that facilitate its uptake. Additionally, the study aimed to propose effective strategies for promoting the incorporation of root-to-stem cooking practices in both domestic and commercial environments. Methodology: To accomplish these goals, a quantitative research approach, specifically employing a descriptive research design, was utilized. Data collection involved the use of an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms among a select group of hospitality students with expertise in the kitchen. Convenience sampling was employed to gather data, resulting in a sample size of 328 participants. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, based on a mixed questionnaire format. Results: The data reveals that 92.1% of respondents are familiar with root-to-stem cooking. However, only 4.3% always incorporate these techniques, with 58.6% doing so sometimes. 87.4% have received formal education or training on root-to-stem cooking, and 78.1% believe it can contribute to reducing food waste. Additionally, 56.3% are moderately likely to explore root-to-stem cooking further in the future. Conclusion: Root-to-stem cooking offers a sustainable solution to minimize food waste by utilizing entire plants. Despite obstacles like limited consumer awareness and logistical challenges, collaborative efforts among stakeholders can drive its adoption. Through education, digital platforms, and policy interventions, root-to-stem cooking can revolutionize culinary practices and promote a more sustainable food system.
Intention to Visit Uttarakhand among Potential Young Indian Travelers: Travel Motivations, Perceived Risks and Constraints
Background: Uttarakhand, often called the "Land of Gods," is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, spiritual heritage, and adventure opportunities. Despite its potential, young Indian travellers aged 18–25 face diverse motivations and deterrents that shape their travel decisions. Understanding these factors is vital for enhancing Uttarakhand’s appeal among this demographic. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the travel intentions of young Indian travelers by examining the factors that motivate them to visit Uttarakhand, alongside the perceived risks and constraints that deter them. Methodology: A survey-based descriptive research design was adopted, collecting data from 100 respondents at a hospitality institute in Delhi through structured questionnaires using Google Forms via one-on-one interactions. Statistical tools, including frequency distribution and Chi-Square analysis, were employed to examine relationships between variables. Results: The findings indicate that natural beauty (38%) and adventure experiences (25%) are the top motivators for travel, while religious motivations are less influential. The relationship between variables: such as gender, travel motivations (χ² = 3.84, p = 0.43), seasonal preferences (χ² = 12.51, p = 0.70), and perceived risks (χ² = 12.15, p = 0.016). There is no significant relationship between gender and primary travel motivations (p > 0.05), nor between travel motivations and preferred seasons (p > 0.05). However, natural disasters emerged as a significant perceived risk (p < 0.05), deterring travel and increasing the preference for sustainable tourism. Time and budget constraints significantly shape transportation preferences, favoring buses and personal vehicles. Short stays (<10 days) and proximity to attractions dominate traveler choices. Conclusion: Uttarakhand is highly appealing to young travelers but requires improved safety measures, infrastructure, and eco-friendly tourism strategies. Addressing these concerns is crucial for enhancing the state’s appeal and ensuring sustainable tourism development.
Does Community Support in Moderating Roles Mitigate Short Comings in Rural Tourism Development?
Background: Rural tourism offers unique experiences and the potential to revitalize local economies. Objectives: This study explores the connection between tourism destination competitiveness, hard services (e.g., infrastructure), soft services (e.g., hospitality), and the moderating role of community support within the Sundarbans National Park, rural destination in West Bengal, India. Methodology: A quantitative approach was used to measure and analyse numerical data, identifying relationships and drawing conclusions. This study employed this approach to examine how community support influences rural tourism development. The primary data for this study was gathered through a survey conducted among domestic tourists who had visited the Sundarbans. This survey offered direct insights into the experiences and opinions of these tourists. SEM is used as it handles complex relationships between variables, i.e., community support and rural tourism development. Path analysis was conducted using PLS-4 to examine how various forms of community support, such as hospitality, cooperations, etc. influence the development of tourism in Sundarbans. Results: Results underscores the importance of hard and soft services combined key drivers of rural tourism destination competitiveness setting. Moreover, strong community support significantly amplifies the positive effect of these services on the competitiveness of the destination. Conclusion: The study offers valuable insights for rural tourism development, emphasizing the significance of community connection in enhancing destination attractiveness and competitiveness.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE CULTURAL BARRIERS IMPACTING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Background: Entrepreneurship is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon that involves value creation and considered as a driving force of economic development. Entrepreneurship is one of the growing trends, and studies are focusing on it generally not only at the national but also at the global level. Objectives: To explore the cultural barriers in various Indian communities that limits the movement of women towards entrepreneurship in the hospitality business and suggest ways to overcome such barriers for women development. Methodology: The research design of the study was both qualitative and quantitative. The present study was conducted in Kolkata. The sample was collected from 43 female entrepreneur associated with various hotel oriented business using the convenience sampling technique. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The study found that 32.6% of the female entrepreneurs faced financial issue as one of the biggest challenge. It was also found that 44.2% of women did not have the freedom to market the product. 25.6% of the women entrepreneurs mentioned that family commitment always affected the business performance. 44.2% of women were of the opinion that they faced psychological challenges in dealing with men in the hospitality sector. Majority of women (around 51.2%) faced problems in availing the facility of government funds whereas around (50.5%) faced challenges in loan sanctions. Conclusion: It was found that family and societal commitments and domination of men in the society in terms of business were key factors to the hindrances Support from the government and formulation of policies can be a matter of great help in this regard.
THE CHALLENGES AND ENHANCING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE HOTEL MANAGEMENT STUDENTS DURING THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING EXPOSURE
Background: Industrial training exposure allows the students to apply the theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom to real-world situations. This practical application enhances their understanding of concepts and fosters a deeper learning experience. Working in a real-world setting exposes students to various challenges and scenarios, helping them develop a wide range of practical skills. Objectives: (1) To identify the various challenges encountered by hotel management students during their industrial exposure training period. (2) To study about the impact of industrial exposure on the acquisition of practical skills, professional demeanor, and industry-specific knowledge among hotel management students. (3) To identify the facilities and support mechanisms offered by hotels to trainees during their industrial exposure is crucial for understanding the learning environment and ensuring a positive and enriching experience for the trainees. Methodology: The study is descriptive in nature. The sample for the study consists of 124 from Wayanad district, Kerala. The primary data required for the research was collected using a structured questionnaire which was distributed off-line. Stratified Random sampling technique was used for the study. Data was analyzed based on the category of the hotel where the training was done and the statistical analysis was based on percentage, chi square test, correlation analysis, ANOVA Test with the help of IBM SPSS Version 23. Results: 58.1% respondents agreed with the statement that they get benefited by doing the industrial exposure training; whereas, 17.7% strongly agreed, 13.7% of the respondents neither disagreed nor agreed, 8% disagreed and only a minority of 4% of the respondent said that they are not benefited by doing the industrial exposure training. The relationship between the category of the hotels and the stipend provided, weekly off and communication problems faced by the trainees had a statistically significant linear relationship (p<.001). Conclusion: The study suggests several measures for improvement, including providing accommodation, transportation support, stipends, uniforms, and compensation for extra work during peak hours. It also underscores the importance of addressing harassment issues and ensuring appropriate punishment for any misconduct. The research indicates challenges during industrial exposure training might lead to student discontinuation or a preference for higher studies after completing the course. This highlights the critical need for addressing these issues to retain and support students in their career journeys.
EXAMINING THE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL TOURISM IN THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA
Background: Agritourism, the fusion of agriculture and tourism, has gained prominence as a unique travel experience offering rural settings and agricultural activities to tourists. This study focuses on the sustainable growth of agritourism, particularly in Maharashtra, India. Objectives: To investigate the scope of agri tourism and to study the potential of agritourism in domestic market. Methodology: Research design was descriptive in nature. The study was conducted in the cities of the state of Maharashtra: Pune, Aurangabad, Nagpur, Thane, Raigad, Pune, and Satara. 125 potential tourist were selected for the study. The samples were selected on the basis of convenience sampling technique. Tool used for collection of data was online questionnaire. Data was analyzed on the basis age, gender, educational qualification, annual income & place of residents of the respondents and statistical analysis was done on percentage basis. Results: It was found that 72% of the respondents were aware of the concept of agritourism. The interest level of the potential tourist in various activities of agritourism varied: 22.3% of the respondents were interested in tasting local food, learning local culture & tradition response percentage was 17.8%, for learning local cooking it was 17.5%, relaxation was 16%, farming experiences was 13.2%, and participation in local handicraft response percentage was 10.5%. Conclusion: The study concluded that agritourism holds significant potential in India, offering additional income opportunities for farmers and enhancing rural economies. Recommendations include the establishment of collaborative societies, government support, and strategic partnerships to promote and sustain agritourism development in Maharashtra and beyond.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PERSONNEL CONTROLLING TRAFFIC IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF DELHI: A PROSPECTIVE PILOT STUDY
Background: Traffic controllers work in the middle of innumerous noisy and polluting vehicles and endure physical strain in an environment polluted by fumes, exhaust of vehicles, use of blowing horns, blow of dust in the air, etc. Their stressful lives often make them resort to unhealthy food choices, ill-timed and unbalanced meals, leading to many problems. Objective: The present study aimed to analyse the nutritional status of personnel controlling traffic in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi through the ‘ABCD’ approach of nutritional assessment: Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical and Dietary status to get a fair idea about their individual nutritional needs. Methodology: It was a prospective analysis done in hospital of Delhi by assessing anthropometry, biochemical, clinical parameters, and dietary status on a sample size of 48 personnel controlling traffic. Results: The results of the study showed that only few of the subjects were of appropriate weight (29%), were consuming adequate calories (18.75%), and were consuming adequate proteins (16.66%). Majority of them had health problems with deranged blood parameters and many were also subjected to substance abuse and had very little and inaccurate nutritional knowledge. Conclusion: The study highlighted the need for proper nutrition education sessions for them and the importance of nutritional counseling amongst them. Better health outcomes can thus be hoped with this prospective study in the target population.
A STUDY OF ERGONOMICS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE HOUSEKEEPING EMPLOYEES
Background: Ergonomics is the science of designing work as per the human body, it is used by the management to make the work processes safe for their workers. Housekeeping involves lots of physical work, therefore it is necessary that such research should be done on housekeeping department employees. Objectives: The objectives of this study were: to understand the application of ergonomics in the housekeeping department, to study the effects and challenges of ergonomics on the members of the housekeeping team, and to explore the awareness of ergonomics amongst the housekeeping employees. Methodology: The research design was a combination of experimental & descriptive. 100 housekeepers from 4 & 5 star hotels in Delhi-NCR were participants of the work. A questionnaire consisting of close ended and few open-ended questions was circulated among the respondents on one to one basis. To study the fatigue rate while working, oxygen and pulse rate of the respondents was also recorded. Data analysis was done on the basis of gender. Results: The findings state that 98% of the housekeeping department employees were aware about the concept of ergonomics and its application in housekeeping. Unfortunately, due to constraint of time and tight work schedule, a housekeeper cannot always follow the practices of ergonomic. Oxygen level decreased (98.15±0.08) after doing the task and the pulse rate increased (95.54±1.52) after completing their task. Conclusion: Housekeepers are exposed to a range of ergonomic risk factors and are prone to posture related injuries. It has also been seen that there is a substantial difference in level of energy lost when the housekeepers are working in a hurry.
AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCE IN FEMALES AND MALES ATTITUDE TOWARDS ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES AT HOME
Background: Eco-friendly behavior, sometimes referred to as green behavior or eco-behavior, is the idea that people, groups, and communities should make decisions and take activities to reduce their environmental effect and advance ecological sustainability. Ecological behavior is essential for maintaining biodiversity, protecting ecosystems, and conserving natural resources. The current study focuses on the environmentally conscious actions that Bhopal city’s men and women take at home. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the attitude of men and women towards eco friendly habits at home. Methodology: The present research is quantitative, in nature. The study was conducted in the Bhopal city. Convenience sampling was used for the collection of the data. Respondents were asked closed-ended questions on 5-point Likert scale related to their demographic profile and their attitude towards eco friendly practices at home. 270 responses from162 male and 108 were female respondents aged more than 18 years was collected. Descriptive statistics was adopted to get the results of present research. Results: In order of importance male showcased importance for saving water (84%), switch the light off when leaving a room (76.5%), use of energy efficient light bulbs (76.5%) and turn AC off in unoccupied rooms (75.3%) are the top four eco-friendly practices. For female switching the light off when leaving a room (90.7%), saving water (83.3%), turning AC off in unoccupied rooms (81.5%) and turning heat off in unoccupied rooms (79.6%) were the top four eco-friendly practices followed at their homes. Conclusion: Saving water, switching the light off when leaving a room, using of energy efficient light bulbs and turning AC off in unoccupied rooms were the top four eco-friendly practices which are mostly practiced by males at their homes. For female switching the light off when leaving a room, saving water, Turning AC off in unoccupied rooms and Turning heat off in unoccupied rooms were the top four eco-friendly practices.
IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN HOTEL INDUSTRY
Background: Organisations in hotel industry rely on their workforce for optimum productivity. People contribute their own special set of values and behaviours to their organization. Establishment with positive organizational culture has become important, for maintaining a good position in market also it gives satisfaction of its employees so that organisation achieves its objectives efficiently. Objectives: To explore the impact of organizational culture on employee’s performance and job satisfaction in hotel industry and to determine the relationship between them. Methodology: Descriptive research design was adopted. The research was conducted on employees (n=100) working in a 5- star hotel in Delhi, NCR. A questionnaire was developed consisting of 17 statements pertaining to organizational culture, job satisfaction and employee performance; Correlation was studied by Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation Results: Organizational culture was seen to have positive impact on both, job satisfaction and employee performance (r=0.91 and 0.85) respectively. Job satisfaction and employee performance were also found to be positively correlated (0.87). Conclusion: Organizational culture is found to be an important element which highly influences job satisfaction and performance of employees working in hotel industry.
ANALYSING DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND VISITORS SATISFACTION AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, DELHI
Background: As demographics shifts continue, the National Museum in Delhi consistently adapts to ensure visitor satisfaction through diverse and enriching experiences. The study at the National Museum in Delhi delves into visitor demographics, preferences, and satisfaction, aiming to answer three primary research questions regarding visitor expectation, personalization, and satisfaction while pursuing three key objectives through exp loring the interplay among these factors. Objectives: To assess the alignment between visitor expectations and experiences, identifying contributing factors, to evaluate the extent of personalization at the museum and propose enhancement strategies, to investigate the impact of improved personalization on visitor satisfaction, aiming to achieve key study objectives. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing surveys to gather data from a sample of 100 museum visitors in Delhi. Structured questionnaire focused on visitor demographics, motivations, satisfaction level, and feedback. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Visitors’ profile, indicating a predominant age group of 35-44 years comprising 28%, while most visitors hold Bachelor degree at 37%. Additionally, the survey reveals that 40% of respondents visit National Museum occasionally, followed by 30 % who visit rarely. No statistically significant influence of visitor characteristics or behaviours on the museum’s ability to cater to a diverse audience is found. Conclusion: The research provides valuable insights into visitor experiences and behaviours at the National Museum in Delhi. Despite limitations such as a small sample size and cross-sectional nature, the findings lay a foundation for understanding factors shaping visitor experiences. Practical implications are discussed for enhancing satisfaction and personalization efforts, with a call for further research to consider larger and more diverse samples and different variables.
SUSTAINABILITY SYSTEM TO BENEFIT BOTH GUEST AND HOTELS
Background: The research paper was to develop a universal sustainability rewards program in an upscale business hotel. With growing concern for depleting natural resources this program aims at rewarding guests for conserving natural resources. Objective: The study was to identify the consumer behavior and perception towards sustainability and to curate a universal sustainable rewards program. This study proposes a conceptual framework that combines the principles of sustainability, customer loyalty, and corporate social responsibility to design a rewards program that promotes environmentally responsible behaviors among hotel guests. Methodology: Quantitative research design was used in which an energy survey of a two hotels was conducted through telephonic interview with the Incharge of the Hotel Engineering Department and a survey among five hundred general consumers was done to assess their attitudes and behaviors towards sustainability through a Google form. The data was analyzed by calculating frequency and percentage. Results: The findings indicated that sustainable practices have become increasingly important to guests (92%) and 98% feel that an encouraging program would be an effective way to promote sustainable behaviors. The study also identified the key features and benefits of a sustainability programs and around 90% of customers prioritize sustainability efforts and innovations when selecting their accommodations, reinforcing the on-going trend observed in consumer behaviour. Around 81.3% of respondents expressed their willingness to partake in a universal sustainability rewards program and provided recommendations for its successful implementation in hotels. The rewards program gives credit points for optimal conservation of resources. It is universal in nature, i.e. these points can be earned as well as utilized anywhere across the globe. Conclusion: The proposed program has the potential to enhance the hotel’s reputation as a socially responsible business, attract environmentally conscious guests, and contribute to the sustainable development of the hospitality industry.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nipurn Nirmal, Kamal Kant Pant, Anshu Singh
Analytical Study On Preferred Type Of Accommodation
Background: In recent years, the travel and tourism industry has experienced significant growth, with an increasing number of tourists exploring different destinations for leisure, business, and other purposes. This surge in travel has led to a parallel expansion in the accommodation sector, with a diverse array of options available to cater to the evolving needs and preferences of travelers. Consequently, it has become imperative for accommodation providers to understand the factors that influence consumers' choices. Objective: To identify and find relationship between the preferred type of accommodation and gender. Another aim of the study was to identify and find relationship between the factors of choosing accommodation and gender. Methodology: Research design was descriptive. Study was conducted in Delhi- NCR. The tool used for survey was close ended questionnaire. A sample size of 100 was chosen randomly using convenience method. The majority of the respondents were in the age group of 18-30 years. The data has been analyzed on the basis of gender and the statistical analysis was done using MINITAB 14 and chi square test. Results: 54% of the guests who mostly come from the age group of 18-30 years and prefer traditional accommodation i.e., hotel as compared to other accommodation alternatives and for 45% of them price is the most important factor while location with 41% of the total response being the second while choosing their accommodation. The association between gender and vacation rental (homestay) was found to be significant and for rest of the accommodation type the association was not significant. Similarly, the association between gender and location as factor for choosing accommodation was significant. Conclusion: From the present study we may conclude that location and homestays are the preferred choice of both the genders.