Majjagni: A Classical Ayurvedic Appraisal of Marrow Metabolism and its Pathogenetic Role in Majja Pradoshaja Vikara

Abstract

Introduction: In Ayurvedic physiology, Majjagni (the tissue-specific metabolic fire associated with Majja Dhatu)  plays a critical role in the biotransformation, nourishment, and maintenance of bone marrow and neural tissues.  Despite its critical significance, the precise physiological and pathological dimensions of Majjagni, particularly in  the context of Majja Pradoshaja Vikara, remain under-defined within classical discourse. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic treatises and standard reference texts was  undertaken to delineate the Ayurvedic understanding of Majjagni. Descriptive analysis and thematic synthesis were  employed to interpret its role in tissue metabolism and disease causation. Discussion: The review highlights Majjagni as a key determinant in sustaining Majja Dhatu homeostasis, supporting  structural integrity, immunity, and neural function. Aberrations in Majjagni lead to the onset of Majja Pradoshaja  Vikara, characterized by either pathological accumulation or depletion of marrow tissue, resulting in systemic  and neuromuscular dysfunction. Classical Ayurvedic text also attributes a stimulatory role to Vata, which aligns  conceptually with modern neuroendocrine regulation. Interpretive correlations with pituitary-adrenal hormones and  hematopoietic modulators underscore Ayurveda’s sophisticated recognition of the neuroendocrine-immune dynamics  governing marrow metabolism. Conclusion: However, the lack of explicit diagnostic criteria for Majjagni-mediated pathologies remains a key  limitation, warranting further research to refine its clinical assessment and enhance its relevance within Ayurvedic diagnostics and therapeutic frameworks.