Variations in Biochemical Parameters During Different Stages of Gestation in Pregnant Cows
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijar.2025.46.03.14Keywords:
S e r u m Biochemical parameters, Pregnancy, CowsAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine the values of some metabolites, ions, and enzymes in maternal blood serum in relation to gestation day in cattle. The maternal blood samples were collected. The cows were divided according to gestation months into four groups: non pregnant, (n=26), under 3 months pregnancy (n=5), between 3- and 6-months pregnancy (n=4) and over 6 months (n=5). Gestation had no statistically significant effect (P>0.05) in any of the studied groups. As pregnancy progresses, maternal serum biochemical parameters underwent various changes. Glucose levels in pregnant cows showed a gradual decrease until the final trimester of gestation. Similarly, cholesterol and triglyceride levels followed a decreasing pattern before exhibiting a slight increase in the final trimester. Total protein levels demonstrated a gradual increase until the final trimester in pregnant cows. Creatinine and urea values remained within normal limits across all study groups. In terms of liver function parameters, only alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed elevated levels above the reference range during the last two trimesters of gestation. Finely, for electrolyte measurement no change revealed. The study of blood parameters during pregnancy permits a useful tool that improves the accuracy of blood test interpretation in bovine medicine.
References
Alameen, A. O., & Abdelatif, A. M. (2012). Metabolic and endocrine responses of crossbred dairy cows in relation to pregnancy and season under tropical conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12(8), 1065-1074.
Bertoni, G., & Trevisi, E. (2013). Use of the liver activity index and other metabolic variables in the assessment of metabolic health in dairy herds. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 29, 413–431.
Botezatu, A., Vlagioiu, C., Codreanu, M., & Orașanu, A. (2014). Biochemical and hematological profile in cattle effective. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine, 71(1), 27-30.
Brscic, M., Cozzi, G., Lora, I., Stefani, A. L., Contiero, B., Ravarotto, L., & Gottardo, F. (2015). Reference limits for blood analytes in Holstein late-pregnant heifers and dry cows: Effects of parity, days relative to calving, and season. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(11), 7886-7892.
Coroian, C. O., Mireșan, V., Coroian, A., Răducu, C., Andronie, L., Marchiș, Z., & Muntean, M. V. (2017). Biochemical and haematological blood parameters at different stages of lactation in cows. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 74(1), 31-36.
Cozzi, G., Ravarotto, L., Gottardo, F., Stefani, A. L., Contiero, B., Moro, L., & Dalvit, P. (2011). Reference values for blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows: Effects of parity, stage of lactation, and season of production. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(8), 3895-3901.
Gutierrez, C. G., Aguilera, I., Leon, H., Rodríguez, A., & Hernández-Cerón, J. (2005). The metabolic challenge of milk production and the toll it takes on fertility. Cattle Practice, 13(1), 5-11.
Gutyj, B., Grymak, Y., Drach, M., Bilyk, O., Matsjuk, O., Magrelo, N., & Katsaraba, O. (2017). The impact of endogenous intoxication on biochemical indicators of blood of pregnant cows. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 3(8), 438-443.
Hagawane, S. D., Shinde, S. B., & Rajguru, D. N. (2009). Haematological and blood biochemical profile in lactating buffaloes in and around Parbhani city. Veterinary World, 2(12), 467-469.
LeBlanc, S. J., Lissemore, K. D., Kelton, D. F., Duffield, T. F., & Leslie, K. E. (2006). Major advances in disease prevention in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 1267–1279.
Mordak, R., & Nicpon, J. (2006). Values of some blood parameters in dairy cows before and after delivery as a diagnostic monitoring of health in herd. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 9(1).
Oliveira, W. D. C. D., Silva, T. P. D. E., Araújo, M. J. D., Edvan, R. L., Oliveira, R. L., & Bezerra, L. R. (2019). Changes in hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows at different reproductive stages. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, 41, e45725.
Paiano, R. B., Lahr, F. C., Silva, L. S., Marques, D. S., Ferreira, C. A., Birgel, D. B., & Birgel Junior, E. H. (2019). Haematological and biochemical profiles during the puerperium in dairy cows – Short communication. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 67(3), 377-384.
Piccione, G., Messina, V., Marafioti, S., Casella, S., Giannetto, C., & Fazio, F. (2012). Changes of some haematochemical parameters in dairy cows during late gestation, postpartum, lactation and dry periods. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, 58(80), 59-64.
Puppel, K., & Kuczyńska, B. (2016). Metabolic profiles of cow’s blood: A review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(13), 4321-4328.
R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Roubies, N., Panousis, N., Fytianou, A., Katsoulos, P. D., Giadinis, N., & Karatzias, H. (2006). Effects of age and reproductive stage on certain serum biochemical parameters of Chios sheep under Greek rearing conditions. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A, 53, 277–281.
Roy, S., Roy, M., & Mishra, S. (2010). Hematological and biochemical profile during gestation period in Sahiwal cows. Veterinary World, 3(1), 26.
Seifi, H. A., Gorji-Dooz, M., Mohri, M., Dalir-Naghadeh, B., & Farzaneh, N. (2007). Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites during transition period in dairy cows. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 16, 253-258.
Shil, S. K., Shaikat, A. H., Nath, B. K., Khan, M. F. H., & Khan, S. A. (2012). Hemato-biochemical profile in lactating cows and their calves. Journal of Bangladesh Society for Agricultural Science and Technology, 9(1), 2.
Simões, J., & Stilwell, G. (2021). Reproductive anatomy and physiology of the nonpregnant and pregnant cow. In Calving Management and Newborn Calf Care: An Interactive Textbook for Cattle Medicine and Obstetrics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Smith, P. B., Van Metre, D. C., & Pusterla, N. (2021). Large Animal Internal Medicine (6th ed.). Elsevier.
Stevenson, J. (2001). Reproductive management of cows in high-producing herds. Advances in Dairy Technology, 13(2), 51-60.
Tabatabaei, S., & Morteza, M. (2012). Changes in the biochemical composition of fetal fluids and maternal blood serum during different days of gestation in cattle. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 21(5), 1005-1012.
Vieira-Neto, A., Lima, I. R. P., Lopes Jr, F., Lopera, C., Zimpel, R., Sinedino, L. D. P., ... & Santos, J. E. P. (2017). Use of calcitriol to maintain postpartum blood calcium and improve immune function in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(7), 5805–5823.
Vlaslo, V. V., Fedoruk, R. S., Ratik, I. B., Sologub, L. I., & Yanovich, V. G. (2004). Physiological and biochemical methods of research in biology, livestock and veterinary medicine (revised and supplemented): Reference book. Lviv: Institute of Animal Biology.
Waziri, M. A., Ribadu, A. Y., & Sivachelvan, N. (2010). Changes in the serum proteins, hematological and some serum biochemical profiles in the gestation period in the Sahel goats. Veterinarski Arhiv, 80(2), 215-224.
Yokus, B., Cakir, D. U., Kanay, Z., Gulten, T., & Uysal, E. (2006). Effects of seasonal and physiological variations on the serum chemistry, vitamins and thyroid hormone concentrations in sheep. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A, 53, 271-276.
Zamazii, A., & Kambur, M. B. (2024). Physiological and biochemical changes in the body of cows during pregnancy.
