Research Misconduct & Retraction Policy

Misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

  • Plagiarism

  • Fabrication/falsification of data

  • Unethical research

  • Authorship violations

  • Duplicate publication

Investigation Process

IJAR follows COPE flowcharts:

  1. Initial editorial review

  2. Author notification

  3. Institutional consultation (if required)

  4. Decision: rejection, correction, or retraction

Retraction Criteria

  • Unreliable findings

  • Proven misconduct

  • Ethical violations

  • Major errors affecting conclusions

A clear retraction notice will remain linked to the original article.